Daily supply of calories per person

Unit
kilocalories per day
Last updated
2026-03-02
Next expected update
2027-03-02
  • This data shows per capita daily calorie supply, which is the amount of calories available to an average person, and does not necessarily correspond to the calories actually consumed by that person.

  • Calorie supply is always larger than actual calorie consumption, since there may be waste at the household level.

  • For historical data, daily calorie supply and consumption are sometimes used interchangeably, due to poor data availability.

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  • This data does not give a complete picture of nutrition - for a healthy diet we need much more than just energy. But as the most basic criteria of food security, getting enough calories is an important measure. It is used as input for the most important metrics used to assess global malnutrition: undernourishment.

Data sources

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations – Food Balances: Food Balances (-2013, old methodology and population)

Food Balance Sheet presents a comprehensive picture of the pattern of a country's food supply during a specified reference period.

The food balance sheet shows for each food item - i.e. each primary commodity and a number of processed commodities potentially available for human consumption - the sources of supply and its utilization. The total quantity of foodstuffs produced in a country added to the total quantity imported and adjusted to any change in stocks that may have occurred since the beginning of the reference period gives the supply available during that period. On the utilization side a distinction is made between the quantities exported, fed to livestock, used for seed, put to manufacture for food use and non-food uses, losses during storage and transportation, and food supplies available for human consumption.

The per caput supply of each such food item available for human consumption is then obtained by dividing the respective quantity by the related data on the population actually partaking of it. Data on per caput food supplies are expressed in terms of quantity and - by applying appropriate food composition factors for all primary and processed products - also in terms of caloric value and protein and fat content.

Retrieved on
February 25, 2026
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Food Balances: Food Balances (-2013, old methodology and population) (2023).

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations – Food Balances: Food Balances (2010-)

A food balance sheet presents a comprehensive picture of the pattern of a country's food supply during a specified reference period.

The food balance sheet shows for each food item - i.e. each primary commodity and a number of processed commodities potentially available for human consumption - the sources of supply and its utilization. The total quantity of foodstuffs produced in a country added to the total quantity imported and adjusted to any change in stocks that may have occurred since the beginning of the reference period gives the supply available during that period. On the utilization side a distinction is made between the quantities exported, fed to livestock, used for seed, put to manufacture for food use and non-food uses, losses during storage and transportation, and food supplies available for human consumption.

The per caput supply of each such food item available for human consumption is then obtained by dividing the respective quantity by the related data on the population actually partaking of it. Data on per capita food supplies are expressed in terms of quantity and - by applying appropriate food composition factors for all primary and processed products - also in terms of caloric value and protein and fat content.

Retrieved on
February 25, 2026
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Food Balances: Food Balances (2010-) (2025).

Harris et al. – How Many Calories? Food Availability in England and Wales in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

This dataset contains the table in the appendix of Harris et al. (2015) paper: "How Many Calories? Food Availability in England and Wales in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries". That table contains a compilation of daily calorie (supply or consumption) in England and Wales, according to various different studies.

Retrieved on
May 23, 2024
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data.
Harris, B., Floud, R. and Hong, S.C. (2015), "How Many Calories? Food Availability in England and Wales in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries", Research in Economic History (Research in Economic History, Vol. 31), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 111-191. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0363-326820150000031003
Data extracted from the Appendix.

Floud et al. – The Changing Body

This dataset contains the estimates on the daily caloric intake in the United States (Table 6.6) and Western Europe (Table 5.5) of "The Changing Body", by Floud et al. (2011).

Retrieved on
May 27, 2024
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data.
Floud, R., Fogel, R. W., Harris, B. and Hong, S. C. (2011), "The Changing Body," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521879750.
Data extracted from Tables 5.5 and 6.6.

Jonsson – Changes in food consumption in Iceland, 1770-1940

This dataset contains daily energy from Table 5 of Jonsson (1998) paper: "Changes in food consumption in Iceland, 1770-1940".

Retrieved on
May 27, 2024
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data.
Jonsson, G.R. (1998), "Changes in food consumption in Iceland, 1770-1940". Scandinavian Economic History Review, 46, 24-41.
Data extracted from Table 5.

Grigg – The nutritional transition in Western Europe

This dataset contains daily calories available per capita from Table 1 of Grigg (1995) paper: "The nutritional transition in Western Europe".

Retrieved on
May 27, 2024
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data.
Grigg, D. (1995), "The nutritional transition in Western Europe". Journal of Historical Geography, Volume 21, Issue 3, 1995, Pages 247-261. https://doi.org/10.1006/jhge.1995.0018
Data extracted from Table 1.

Fogel – The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death

This dataset contains daily calorie supply from Table 1.2 of Fogel (2004) book: "The Escape from hunger and Premature Death".

Retrieved on
May 27, 2024
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data.
Fogel, R.W. (2004), "The Escape from hunger and Premature Death". Cambridge Studies in Population, Economy and Society in Past Time, Series Number 38.
Data extracted from Table 1.2.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations – The State of Food and Agriculture 2000

This dataset contains daily calories in various countries, from Table 11 of FAO's "The State of Food and Agriculture 2000".

Retrieved on
May 27, 2024
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2000), "The State of Food and Agriculture 2000".
Data extracted from Table 11.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations – The State of Food and Agriculture 1949

This dataset contains daily calories in various countries, from Table 15 of FAO's "The State of Food and Agriculture 1949".

Retrieved on
May 27, 2024
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (1949), "The State of Food and Agriculture 1949".
Data extracted from Table 15.

USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) – U.S. food supply: Nutrients and other food components, per capita per day

Retrieved on
March 26, 2025
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data.
Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ERS) - U.S. food supply:  Nutrients and other food components, per capita per day.
The data can be found as one of the archived tables of the Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System.

Citations

How should I cite this data in a news article?

If you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation:

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025) and other sources – with major processing by Our World in Data

How should I cite this in an academic article or report?

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025); Harris et al. (2015); Floud et al. (2011); Jonsson (1998); Grigg (1995); Fogel (2004); Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2000); Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (1949); USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) (2015) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Daily supply of calories per person” [dataset]. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, “Food Balances: Food Balances (-2013, old methodology and population)”; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, “Food Balances: Food Balances (2010-)”; Harris et al., “How Many Calories? Food Availability in England and Wales in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries”; Floud et al., “The Changing Body”; Jonsson, “Changes in food consumption in Iceland, 1770-1940”; Grigg, “The nutritional transition in Western Europe”; Fogel, “The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death”; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, “The State of Food and Agriculture 2000”; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, “The State of Food and Agriculture 1949”; USDA Economic Research Service (ERS), “U.S. food supply:  Nutrients and other food components, per capita per day” [original data]. Retrieved June 12, 2026 from https://datapage-v2.owid.pages.dev/grapher/daily-per-capita-caloric-supply

All data produced by third-party providers and made available by Our World in Data are subject to the license terms from the original providers. Our work would not be possible without the data providers we rely on, so we ask you to always cite them appropriately. This is crucial to allow data providers to continue doing their work, enhancing, maintaining and updating valuable data.

All data, visualizations, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited.

Quick download

Download the data shown in this chart as a ZIP file containing a CSV file, metadata in JSON format, and a README. The CSV file can be opened in Excel, Google Sheets, and other data analysis tools.

Data API

Use these URLs to programmatically access this chart's data and configure your requests with the options below. Our documentation provides more information on how to use the API, and you can find a few code examples below.

Data URL (CSV format)
https://datapage-v2.owid.pages.dev/grapher/daily-per-capita-caloric-supply.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false
Metadata URL (JSON format)
https://datapage-v2.owid.pages.dev/grapher/daily-per-capita-caloric-supply.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false

Code examples

Examples of how to load this data into different data analysis tools.

Excel / Google Sheets
=IMPORTDATA("https://datapage-v2.owid.pages.dev/grapher/daily-per-capita-caloric-supply.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false")
Python with Pandas
import pandas as pd
import requests

# Fetch the data.
df = pd.read_csv("https://datapage-v2.owid.pages.dev/grapher/daily-per-capita-caloric-supply.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false", storage_options = {'User-Agent': 'Our World In Data data fetch/1.0'})

# Fetch the metadata
metadata = requests.get("https://datapage-v2.owid.pages.dev/grapher/daily-per-capita-caloric-supply.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false").json()
R
library(jsonlite)

# Fetch the data
df <- read.csv("https://datapage-v2.owid.pages.dev/grapher/daily-per-capita-caloric-supply.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false")

# Fetch the metadata
metadata <- fromJSON("https://datapage-v2.owid.pages.dev/grapher/daily-per-capita-caloric-supply.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false")
Stata
import delimited "https://datapage-v2.owid.pages.dev/grapher/daily-per-capita-caloric-supply.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false", encoding("utf-8") clear